- Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration
East West University
Plot A/2, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar
Dhaka 1219
Bangladesh
Nikhil Chandra Shil, FCMA
East West University, Business Administration, Faculty Member
- Business, Accounting, Supply Chain Management, Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Finance, Corporate Governance, and 26 moreFinancial Accounting, Business Process Management, Environmental Management, Management Accounting, Manufacturing, Behavioral Finance, Auditing, Business/IT Alignment, Banking, Financial management, Business Modeling, Accounting Education, E Government, Content Analysis, Business Process Improvement, Operation Management, Business Taxation, International Accounting, Corporate Leadership, Accounting History, Earnings Management, Bank Management, TQM, Total Quality and Environment Management, TPM, and Financeedit
This study is about the exploration of innovative management control systems in the context of New Public Management (NPM) initiatives. NPM initiatives created the changes to the structure and processes of public sector organizations with... more
This study is about the exploration of innovative management control systems in the context of New Public Management (NPM) initiatives. NPM initiatives created the changes to the structure and processes of public sector organizations with the objective of getting them to run better. A government department in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) has been selected as the field for investigation. This study draws on a single theoretical perspective, Giddens's structuration theory to understand the management control systems evolved in the researched organization. Qualitative research methodology is applied to obtain a better understanding of the phenomena. Case-based research method is used in developing a complete understanding of the relative role of controls in the management of organizational performance. In this study, it is argued that the researched organization has adopted various management control tools to improve its performance and demonstrate transparency and accountability. Some of the control tools it has adopted are the innovations in the public sector. It appears from the case that these adopted management control tools forced the researched organization towards better performance supporting the rationale of adopting New Public Management practices.
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The budget for the fiscal year 2009-10, for the National Parliament of Bangladesh, was proposed by the Finance Minister, Abul Mal Abdul Muhit, on June 11, 2009. The maiden budget of the newly elected government in Bangladesh is of the... more
The budget for the fiscal year 2009-10, for the National Parliament of Bangladesh, was proposed by the Finance Minister, Abul Mal Abdul Muhit, on June 11, 2009. The maiden budget of the newly elected government in Bangladesh is of the size Tk. 113,819 cr, the largest in history. It includes a gross revenue of Tk. 84,591 cr and the budget
Research Interests:
364 Int. J. Managerial and Financial Accounting, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2010 ... Cost and management accounting practices in Bangladesh: a survey ... Nikhil Chandra Shil* Mohammad Faridul Alam and Mahmuda Naznin ... Department of Business... more
364 Int. J. Managerial and Financial Accounting, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2010 ... Cost and management accounting practices in Bangladesh: a survey ... Nikhil Chandra Shil* Mohammad Faridul Alam and Mahmuda Naznin ... Department of Business Administration, East West University, ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Sophisticated manufacturing process demands a strong supplier base for satisfying customers with a quality product at a cheaper price. Thus, supplier selection has been shown to be significant in supply chain management literature, where... more
Sophisticated manufacturing process demands a strong supplier base for satisfying customers with a quality product at a cheaper price. Thus, supplier selection has been shown to be significant in supply chain management literature, where many research studies have been conducted. Technology-led and sophisticated production processes and bitter competition may be the reasons that attract practitioners to select from a dedicated list of promising suppliers. Most of the previous studies on this subject have concentrated on the selection of either the criteria or methods used to choose the right supplier(s). This paper also addresses these two issues. It focuses on the methodology of selecting the right supplier(s) from a list of suppliers. Criteria have been chosen in line with the requirements of the firm and a multiple regression analysis has been used as a statistical tool to choose the right supplier(s). Here, criteria have been translated into three different indexes from differen...
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) has successfully been used for product and production planning in Total Quality Management (TQM) literature. Among the four phases in QFD methodology, product planning is the first phase. House of Quality... more
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) has successfully been used for product and production planning in Total Quality Management (TQM) literature. Among the four phases in QFD methodology, product planning is the first phase. House of Quality (HOQ) is a customary technique used in product planning which basically starts with the Voice of the Customers (VoC) which is ultimately translated into design requirements. The target of HOQ is to plan the product in such a way that is demanded by the customers. This paper seeks to present and explain an algorithm to construct the HOQ by an intelligent agent who is trained for such purpose.
... Ameer Ali completed his BSc in Computer Science and Engineering in 2001 from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka ... and marketing and multinationals as diverse as IBM, HP, General Motors, AT&T, Digital... more
... Ameer Ali completed his BSc in Computer Science and Engineering in 2001 from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka ... and marketing and multinationals as diverse as IBM, HP, General Motors, AT&T, Digital Equipment, ITT, Baxter Healthcare, Texas ...
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The basic objective of higher education throughout the civilization was to be employable. Graduates are in competition to perform a good figure in the job market while they are there. Higher education and employment is intertwined though... more
The basic objective of higher education throughout the civilization was to be employable. Graduates are in competition to perform a good figure in the job market while they are there. Higher education and employment is intertwined though for few, it may be different. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are also busy to develop ways to make their graduates employable. The performance
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Page 1. Fuzzy Clustering in Corporate Governance Md. ... [18] Nikhil Chandra Shil, and Mohammed Faridul Alam, Corporate Governance Reporting Style and Status by the Listed Companies in Dhaka Stock Exchange, 2009, ISSN 167, Vol 3(1). ...
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ABSTRACT Selecting the right vendor is a complex business decision due to a huge number of competing vendors with a large number of complex criteria. The organization will suffer in the long run if vendors are not chosen wisely. Under... more
ABSTRACT Selecting the right vendor is a complex business decision due to a huge number of competing vendors with a large number of complex criteria. The organization will suffer in the long run if vendors are not chosen wisely. Under multi criteria decision making, an algorithm, named VSFI, based on fuzzy clustering was proposed to select the most optimal vendors. VSFI highly depends on the randomized initial values of fuzzy clustering algorithm. This may sometime select wrong vendor. Addressing this problem, this paper proposes a genetic algorithm based solution using a fitness function. This solution finds the best vendor successfully. It can also suggest the competing vendors to improve themselves in some criteria so that they can increase their chance of winning in the selection process.
The budget for the fiscal year 2009-10, for the National Parliament of Bangladesh, was proposed by the Finance Minister, Abul Mal Abdul Muhit, on June 11, 2009. The maiden budget of the newly elected government in Bangladesh is of the... more
The budget for the fiscal year 2009-10, for the National Parliament of Bangladesh, was proposed by the Finance Minister, Abul Mal Abdul Muhit, on June 11, 2009. The maiden budget of the newly elected government in Bangladesh is of the size Tk. 113,819 cr, the largest in history. It includes a gross revenue of Tk. 84,591 cr and the budget
Research Interests:
Abstract. In the globalized world, the use of information technology becomes a commonplace in business and hence the competition among the business organizations becomes borderless, extensive and complicated to a greater extent. It is... more
Abstract. In the globalized world, the use of information technology becomes a commonplace in business and hence the competition among the business organizations becomes borderless, extensive and complicated to a greater extent. It is very intricate for ...
... 95. By virtue of this order, all companies and organisation transacting all types of insurance business in ... Conventional Insurance Companies Islamic Insurance Companies ... Takaful is a cooperative institution based on the... more
... 95. By virtue of this order, all companies and organisation transacting all types of insurance business in ... Conventional Insurance Companies Islamic Insurance Companies ... Takaful is a cooperative institution based on the principles of contract for mutual cooperation (ta'awun). ...
Research Interests:
364 Int. J. Managerial and Financial Accounting, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2010 ... Cost and management accounting practices in Bangladesh: a survey ... Nikhil Chandra Shil* Mohammad Faridul Alam and Mahmuda Naznin ... Department of Business... more
364 Int. J. Managerial and Financial Accounting, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2010 ... Cost and management accounting practices in Bangladesh: a survey ... Nikhil Chandra Shil* Mohammad Faridul Alam and Mahmuda Naznin ... Department of Business Administration, East West University, ...
Research Interests:
... Corresponding author M. Ameer Ali and Anisur Rahman Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh E-mail: ameer7302002@yahoo.com E-mail: anis@ewubd.edu Abstract ...
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Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Economic Value Added (EVA) is a value based performance measure that gives importance on value creation by the management for the owners. Profit maximization as a concept is age-old, wealth maximization is matured and value maximization... more
Economic Value Added (EVA) is a value based performance measure that gives importance on value creation by the management for the owners. Profit maximization as a concept is age-old, wealth maximization is matured and value maximization is today’s wisdom though somebody is prescribing cash economic value added and some other related ideas that are obviously offshoot of EVA. Stern Stewart’s EVA raises storm in corporate world and gives a new way to think about rewarding management. But, using EVA is not so simple as traditional information system will not provide sufficient information to compute true EVA. For implementing EVA as a performance measurement tool, most of the organizations need their tailored (customized) EVA that is very much industry specific and for doing all of these accurately, an EVA team is required who has expertise over this rich value based measure. In this paper, I have tried to explain EVA theoretically; its origination, definition, ways to make it tailored, adjustments required, scope and some other related issues. The paper may be termed as EVA Manual where a layman will learn what he/she should have to do to install an EVA system in their organization in place of traditional systems.
Vendor selection is a strategic issue in supply chain management for any organization to identify the right supplier. Such selection in most cases is based on the analysis of some specific criteria. Most of the researches so far... more
Vendor selection is a strategic issue in supply chain management for any organization to identify the right supplier. Such selection in most cases is based on the analysis of some specific criteria. Most of the researches so far concentrate on multi-criteria decision making analysis. Though many approaches have been proposed, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is the most well known as it can deal with a very complex criteria structure. In AHP, the selected criteria are ranked and organized in a hierarchical order from generic to specific to formulate the problem. Though this order of ranking is acceptably logical, it incurs a huge computational complexity when a large number of alternatives are considered as the selection criteria. Moreover, the AHP may generate wrong selection due to computational error. To address these limitations, a novel model namely vendor selection using fuzzy c-means algorithm and analytic hierarchy process (VFA) is presented in this paper by integrating the fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) algorithm with analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The outcome of the proposed VFA algorithm is compared with the basic AHP algorithm and VFA outperforms the basic AHP and reduces the computational complexity of AHP by a factor of 7.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting is an embracing issue today that becomes the social perspective of accounting and reporting. Still, the international standard setters are lagging behind to bring this issue within the legal... more
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting is an embracing issue today that becomes the social perspective of accounting and reporting. Still, the international standard setters are lagging behind to bring this issue within the legal framework of accounting and reporting. As there is a huge demand from the stakeholders for such information, it becomes a common area of voluntary disclosure at the time of reporting. The paper targets to highlight the improvement of CSR reporting in Bangladesh over a period of 6 years through the content analysis of financial statements of DSE 20 companies. Content analysis has helped us to identify a couple of common categories where most of the firms do social reporting. The analysis is based on secondary sources of information; i.e., published financial statements of DSE 20 companies for the year 2000 and 2006. Different descriptive statistics are used to organize and analyze the findings of the study. It concludes that the pattern of such reporting is far away from expectation; still, there is a positive indication that the volume and quality of reporting is increasing.
Vendor selection methodology is a highly researched area in supply chain management literature and a very significant decision taken by supply chain managers due to technological advances in the manufacturing process. Such research has... more
Vendor selection methodology is a highly researched area in supply chain management literature and a very significant decision taken by supply chain managers due to technological advances in the manufacturing process. Such research has two basic dimensions: one is related to the identification of variables affecting the performance of the vendors and the other deals with the methodology to be applied. Most of the research conducted in this area deal with the upfront selection of vendors. However, it is very common to have a list of dedicated vendors due to the development of sophisticated production technologies like just in time (JIT), a lean or agile manufacturing process where continuous flow of materials is a requirement. This paper addresses the issue of selecting the optimal vendor from the internal database of a company. Factor analysis, analytical hierarchy process and regression analysis is used in an integrated way to supplement the vendor selection process. The methodology presented here is simply a proposal where every possible room for adjustment is available.
Global Financial Crisis is not a sudden and recent development. It is the darkest chapter of extreme capitalism that the whole world witnessed and permitted throughout the last couple of years. It becomes urgent refinement of the concept... more
Global Financial Crisis is not a sudden and recent development. It is the darkest chapter of extreme capitalism that the whole world witnessed and permitted throughout the last couple of years. It becomes urgent refinement of the concept but the way it is heading was unexpected. The turmoil in the international financial markets of advanced economies that started around mid-2007 has exacerbated substantially since August 2008. The financial market crisis has led to the collapse of major financial institutions and is now beginning to impact the real economy in the advanced economies. As this crisis is unfolding, credit markets appear to be drying up in the developed world. With the substantive increase in financial globalization and deregulation, how much will these developments affect India and other Asian emerging market economies is really matters for the policy makers today. This paper addresses this issue explicitly to look at the impact of global financial crisis on different sectors of South Asian countries with special focus on India and Bangladesh. It also considers the policy makers attitude towards the measures taken combating the financial crisis. Globalization exerts a significant threat due to the requirement of selective measures taken across different sectors depending on the extent of damage. The conceptualization stage of the paper is originated from the facts as prevailed in the market and finalization comes from the critical reasoning though in economics it is believed that every explanation may be true.
In Bangladesh, the fundamental problem behind arresting the revenue deficit is the rising expenditure unmatched by corresponding means of finance. Of total revenue, the revenue from non-tax sources is nearly one-fifth and its share in GDP... more
In Bangladesh, the fundamental problem behind arresting the revenue deficit is the rising expenditure unmatched by corresponding means of finance. Of total revenue, the revenue from non-tax sources is nearly one-fifth and its share in GDP has shown a stable trend over the years. This paper mainly focuses on the study of non-tax revenue performance in Bangladesh. The contribution of non-tax revenue, although erratic in terms of growth rate, has shown substantial increase in terms of absolute amount over the period, 1997-98 to 2006-07. Although, various reform initiatives have been taken to improve the tax performance, the initiatives are highly insignificant in case of non-tax revenue. The performance of non-tax revenue can significantly be improved through effective and efficient policy measures, which may help the country to cope with the fiscal imbalance in resource mobilization.
IFRS 4 is the first international guidelines for insurance industry issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) on 31 March 2004 as the first step in the IASB’s project to achieve convergence of widely varying accounting... more
IFRS 4 is the first international guidelines for insurance industry issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) on 31 March 2004 as the first step in the IASB’s project to achieve convergence of widely varying accounting practices in insurance industries around the world. It applies to contracts in which an entity takes on insurance risk either as an insurer or a reinsurer. While the IASB has set the direction, companies do have considerable room for maneuver in key areas ranging from the adoption of new accounting bases for insurance contracts to the use of shadow accounting and floating discount rates to achieve some level of matching of assets and liabilities. The paper put focuses on the implications and application of IFRS 4 and revealed a worrying lack of preparedness on part of different countries in Asia.
Sophisticated manufacturing process demands a strong supplier base for satisfying customers with quality product at a cheaper price. Thus, supplier selection has got significance in supply chain management literature and a lot of research... more
Sophisticated manufacturing process demands a strong supplier base for satisfying customers with quality product at a cheaper price. Thus, supplier selection has got significance in supply chain management literature and a lot of research studies are conducted in this single area. Technology leaded sophisticated production process and bitter competition may be the reason that attracts practitioners for selecting a dedicated list of promising suppliers. Most of the previous studies concentrate on the selection of either criteria or methods used to select right supplier(s). The paper also caters to these two issues. It focuses on the methodology of selecting the right supplier(s) from the list of suppliers. Criteria have been selected in line with the requirements and some methods have been used to choose the right supplier(s). Here, criteria have been translated into three different indexes from different perspectives and ultimately supplier selection is based on the index values and their interrelationships tested through multiple regression analysis. This is the addition to the current state of knowledge where suppliers’ perspective is also considered strategically at the time of selecting the right suppliers. Finally, the paper concludes that suppliers’ performance largely depends on experience and satisfaction. And buyers should give sufficient importance on these two factors at the time of selecting the right supplier. The paper considers these two factors through the development of two different indexes comprising relevant criteria under each of the factors where the practitioners enjoy enough flexibility of making its customized.
Corporate governance becomes a sensitive issue in recent days due to its perceived importance amid of bad governance. This decade witnessed a couple of corporate scandals that raises the necessity of more stringent code of corporate... more
Corporate governance becomes a sensitive issue in recent days due to its perceived importance amid of bad governance. This decade witnessed a couple of corporate scandals that raises the necessity of more stringent code of corporate governance. In Bangladesh, the SEC requires every listed company to report their corporate governance status through a prescribed form. This paper targets to study the degree of compliance. In this regard, financial statement of all listed companies in Dhaka Stock Exchange for the year 2005 has been collected and a content analysis is done. The paper concludes a worrying result as the degree of compliance is very poor. Regulators need to rethink on this issue so that both quantity and quality of compliance can be improved.
Fuzzy Front End (FFE) is an intra-organizational process that supplements innovation in product or project development due to enhanced global competition and pressure on reducing product prices keeping the quality either intact or... more
Fuzzy Front End (FFE) is an intra-organizational process that supplements innovation in product or project development due to enhanced global competition and pressure on reducing product prices keeping the quality either intact or improved. With the increasing complexity in business processes, a successful product development process becomes rare and is more important than ever before. Thus, sophisticated methodologies have been developed and used to address such situation. The paper focuses on the basic methodology of FFE, its scope, technicality attached to it and its application with the rationalities. Readers are expected to be benefited as a first timer in the FFE implementation process.
The precise analysis and measurement of bank profitability has long been a concern of researchers, bankers and analysts. However, the number of parameters on profitability abounds that gave the analysis a critical look. There is... more
The precise analysis and measurement of bank profitability has long been a concern of researchers, bankers and analysts. However, the number of parameters on profitability abounds that gave the analysis a critical look. There is therefore, an urgent need to identify the key determinants of bank profitability which may provide a scientific and empirically tested framework of measurement. The objective is pursued with the help of data on selected independent variables applied on the data of 93 commercial banks for a period stretching about 8 years from 2001 to 2009. The technique of multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) is used as an important methodology to identify the most critical profitability ratios and a model is proposed which may be effectively used for financial decision-making relating to bank profitability.
5S is the first step towards Total Quality Management (TQM) and Business Excellence (BE). During the later half of the last century, the Japanese have formalized the technique and name it as 5S Practice. The modern industrial environment... more
5S is the first step towards Total Quality Management (TQM) and Business Excellence (BE). During the later half of the last century, the Japanese have formalized the technique and name it as 5S Practice. The modern industrial environment is rapidly evolving and thus giving it a dynamic cum complex shape. As markets globalize, competitive rivalry intensifies, and stakeholders become more demanding, it is no longer sufficient to change the way the organization functions. In order to adapt and grow in the changing business world, radical change must occur at all levels in the organization. The implementation of a 5S strategic plan will create a culture of continuous improvement across any organization. To remain competitive in the future, manufacturers must adopt lean techniques like 5S to reduce the wastage that will ultimately enhance productivity. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the basic concepts of this lean technique. The supply chain will act as a common thread throughout the paper.
VAT was introduced in Bangladesh in 1991 and replaced the outdated excise duty and sales tax. This shift was motivated by the arguments that, as compared to sales tax, VAT has a higher revenue-raising potential and that its collection and... more
VAT was introduced in Bangladesh in 1991 and replaced the outdated excise duty and sales tax. This shift was motivated by the arguments that, as compared to sales tax, VAT has a higher revenue-raising potential and that its collection and administration are more economic, efficient and expedient. Despite its limitations, VAT has become the single largest source of government revenue in Bangladesh. In this article, the authors describe the key features of the VAT system, including some of the most important problems and possible solutions to overcome them.
Economic Value Added (EVA) is a value based performance measure that gives importance on value creation by the management for the owners. Profit maximization as a concept is age-old, wealth maximization is matured and value maximization... more
Economic Value Added (EVA) is a value based performance measure that gives importance on value creation by the management for the owners. Profit maximization as a concept is age-old, wealth maximization is matured and value maximization is today’s wisdom. Stern Stewart’s EVA raises storm in corporate world and gives a new way to think about rewarding management. Usability of EVA largely depends on the quality of accounting information system, as traditional information system will not provide sufficient information to compute true EVA. Thus, EVA is required to be tailored in line with accounting system, management philosophy and the degree of demand of such a system. In this paper, an earnest effort has been made to explain theoretical foundation of EVA with its origination, definition, ways to make it tailored, adjustments required, scope and some other related issues. The methodology used is a type of theoretical mining of logics resulting a step-by-step process required for EVA implementation. As corporate house plans to move from traditional to value based performance measures, EVA would yield good result and the paper may become helpful to them to comprehend the methodology.
The world is getting more matured in terms of level of sophistication. At the same time it becomes a threat due to the difficulty of having areas where further sophistication is possible. But, now, the most sensitive problem for all is... more
The world is getting more matured in terms of level of sophistication. At the same time it becomes a threat due to the difficulty of having areas where further sophistication is possible. But, now, the most sensitive problem for all is the severe poverty. It is the darkest chapter of the world where more and more people are enlisting their names. If this process continued for unlimited time, once it will be suicidal for all of us irrespective of poor or rich. This paper put focus on the poor society, which concludes that if the poor are funded and focused, they can build their own fate. The poor need funds and suggestions to get rid of the curse of poverty. Grameen Model is outlined here with some replicated ideas so that it can be used in a more sophisticated and commercial way. Such commercialization will help to extend the scope of credit program from individuals to small businesses for which sometimes it may be difficult to get loan from regulated financial institutions. An earnest effort has been made to make the micro-credit programs and methodologies comprehendible with the process of diffusion and usability from a commercial perspective. Such perspective is important to give micro finance program an institutional modality that will ultimately ensure long-term existence.
The journey to have a common set of accounting standards started long before to give it a professional shape and essence. And accountants all over the world feel the necessity to shorten the gap among different streams of accounting... more
The journey to have a common set of accounting standards started long before to give it a professional shape and essence. And accountants all over the world feel the necessity to shorten the gap among different streams of accounting practices through harmonization. Still, we have a couple of strong variants of accounting practices (say, for example, US GAAP, UK GAAP, IAS etc.) over the world existed and practiced simultaneously. These variants are working as threats towards harmonization of accounting practices. However, the profession has also witnessed some improvements in recent years in the process of global convergence putting some ray of hope. International and even local standard setting bodies have come up with projects of harmonization and in most of the cases became successful. The day is not far away when we will observe that accounting world is controlled and guided by a single set of standards giving it a status of legal discipline in true sense. The paper focuses on this harmonization issue, its current status, challenges with special reference to Indian perspective.
To remain profitable and strong in the market, retaining current customers and attracting potential customers has no alternative. This can only be done if the customers are kept satisfied and if the gap between expectation and perception... more
To remain profitable and strong in the market, retaining current customers and attracting potential customers has no alternative. This can only be done if the customers are kept satisfied and if the gap between expectation and perception of services are minimal. Thus, the analysis of gap on a regular basis and following the improvement, if any, is very important. In this paper, such analysis of gap is initiated on deposit service of a multinational bank operating in Bangladesh. For this gap analysis, SERVQUAL is used as a tool with five original dimensions and twenty two statements. A questionnaire survey is administered to calculate the gap score using SERVQUAL scale and thrust areas have been identified on the basis of the gap score where management should give more attention.
Accounting has no meaning without standards due to professionalism. The use and application of standards in accounting gets so importance that it will not go wrong if it is termed as a legal discipline. By the time, the world has given... more
Accounting has no meaning without standards due to professionalism. The use and application of standards in accounting gets so importance that it will not go wrong if it is termed as a legal discipline. By the time, the world has given accounting the certification of international discipline. So, it is apt to say that as an international discipline, accounting should have a single set of standards for all for harmonizing the practice in a global scenario. But the reality is that we still have various streams of accounting standards like US GAAP, UK GAAP, IAS, and so on. These different streams are the threat for accounting against its harmonization of practices. Though the world has witnessed a lot of initiatives taken to reduce the streams into one in recent years, still we cannot ensure the final sophistication in this regard. The paper focuses on the convergence issue, its current status, challenges with special reference to Indian perspective.
Application of queuing model in business got significant importance due to its capacity to make a trade off between waiting cost and service cost. A long waiting line is unexpected that incurs cost in terms of dissatisfaction, lost... more
Application of queuing model in business got significant importance due to its capacity to make a trade off between waiting cost and service cost. A long waiting line is unexpected that incurs cost in terms of dissatisfaction, lost customers etc. Again, reducing the length of the waiting line also incurs cost due to capacity extension for extra service facility. Thus, a trade-off is sought between these two costs to find an optimal solution. Queuing model is presented here with business applications so that the readers can use this model in their day to day life where there is waiting line to ensure value for money.
Performance measurement matters in today’s complex business arena irrespective of the type, nature, and volume diversity in business. If the result of performance measurement goes wrong due to the faulty or inaccurate selection of... more
Performance measurement matters in today’s complex business arena irrespective of the type, nature, and volume diversity in business. If the result of performance measurement goes wrong due to the faulty or inaccurate selection of tool(s), then the total process will prove wrong in due time. This paper evaluates Economic Value Added (EVA) as a smart and powerful alternative to traditional performance measures like gross margin, percentage change in sales, net margin etc. in a small manufacturing company perspective. Small manufacturing companies are the focus of the study, as most of the people in such companies believe that EVA is truly designed for large companies and the equation of EVA cannot be applied in small companies due to the non-availability of required data. This paper results in a typical model applicable to small manufacturing companies where all adjustments and other technicalities are discussed with a real life example. Finally, the possible advantages and opportunities of using EVA as a performance measurement tool is discussed that may encourage the users/readers to incorporate EVA with their current setup to reap the potential benefits from it.
Today, the environment is changing rapidly and we are obviously heading towards a disaster. The responsibility for such changes comes on the shoulder of business community to a large extent. And it is customary that businesses are... more
Today, the environment is changing rapidly and we are obviously heading towards a disaster. The responsibility for such changes comes on the shoulder of business community to a large extent. And it is customary that businesses are disturbing the smooth flow of environmental structure through their thoughtless operations. So, business community should have and practice its moral commitment towards the society by spending for tackling environment. Environmental accounting emerges as a tool to prove this commitment where costs from business communities’ point of view and effects from society’s point of view are balanced. In this paper, we have tried to define environmental accounting with its scope and we have also had a thorough review of the practices followed by our companies from the general-purpose financial statements to the extent of disclosure.
Investment in productive sector is the precondition for achieving the economic growth from a country perspective. Capital formation positively supports this investment function. Once a satisfactory level of capital is formed, the option... more
Investment in productive sector is the precondition for achieving the economic growth from a country perspective. Capital formation positively supports this investment function. Once a satisfactory level of capital is formed, the option of sound investment comes that ultimately leads to flow additional capital in future. The financial institutions, mainly banks, do these functions. In countries like ours, investment leakage in the form of non-functionalities poses a great threat on the sound running of this ‘capital formation – investment – capital formation’ process. This paper deals with non performing loan situations, basically the causes and consequences of this economic devil that is very much embedded in current economic structure. The possible steps are also pointed out to handle such situation.
The Importance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in any economy cannot be overlooked as they form a major chunk in the economic activity of nations. India has nearly three million SMEs, which account for almost 50 per cent of... more
The Importance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in any economy cannot be overlooked as they form a major chunk in the economic activity of nations. India has nearly three million SMEs, which account for almost 50 per cent of industrial output. They constitute an essential employment-generating sector with 50 percent of the private sector employment and 30–40 percent of value-addition in manufacturing. They produce a diverse range of products (over 8000), including consumer items, capital and intermediate goods. However, SMEs which constitutes more than 80 percent of the total number of industrial enterprises and form the backbone of industrial development in India even now are not export competitive and contribute only about 34 percent of exports. It is this feature of the SMEs that make it an ideal target to realize its potential and become export competitive. Drawing from the experiences of countries that have successfully promoted the export competitiveness of SMEs, this paper has identified ways in which SMEs in India can access external markets through exports, which include simplification of procedures, incentives for higher production of exports, preferential treatments to SMEs in the market development fund, linking up SMEs with Transnational Companies or large domestic exporting firms; and formation of clusters and networks in order to reinforce their external competitiveness. All of this requires active collaboration among governments, international agencies and the private sector with a view to reaping the significant potential benefits of exports through SMEs.
In recent years, environmental pollution becomes so acute and the stakeholders’ awareness to the issue becomes so serious that environmental accounting has become a strong branch of accounting. Still, attention towards the style and... more
In recent years, environmental pollution becomes so acute and the stakeholders’ awareness to the issue becomes so serious that environmental accounting has become a strong branch of accounting. Still, attention towards the style and recognition of environmental accounting is not a generalized one. Legal authorities, standard setting bodies and other regulators cannot come to a consensus regarding the conceptual framework of environmental accounting and its disclosure. Thus, such disclosure is not mandatory rather voluntary that has no specific style or format. With the passage of time, more guidelines are coming in customized format that may lead us to reach a common format for recognizing environment related data and disclosure thereof through financial statements. Still, such disclosure is guided by the social responsibility and commitment on the part of the entities that work as strong agents for polluting the environment. In this paper, the theoretical foundation of environmental accounting and reporting is discussed with special reference to India. More emphasis is given on environmental accounting and awareness for that as this is supposed to be the need of today.
Today’s customers are quality concerned. For a manufacturer or service provider, it is really a challenge to tune up their product or services with all desirable or even unseen qualities. The paper focuses on the application of quality... more
Today’s customers are quality concerned. For a manufacturer or service provider, it is really a challenge to tune up their product or services with all desirable or even unseen qualities. The paper focuses on the application of quality function deployment on a typical service through designing the house of quality matrix. Demanded qualities are captured by using a questionnaire survey designed in a semi-structured way on the basis of Likert’s 5-scale technique. As customers drive manufacturers or service providers to add values, proper care has been given to grab their reactions and then the requirements have been put into the HOQ (House of Quality) that ultimately gives us the solution. The findings are very straightforward. The paper seeks the answer of how a service provider can ensure more customer satisfaction. Customer requirements are prioritized with the technical descriptors to satisfy them in a more focused way. The method is practically applicable to any type of service or manufacturing companies. If you take care of your customers, they will take care of you. Let your customers know that you are listening to them and giving proper feedback.
In today’s complex business environment, both raising and application of fund becomes so costly. Thus, business needs to take a wise decision of investing funds in fixed facilities, which at one side consumes a lot of costly fund and on... more
In today’s complex business environment, both raising and application of fund becomes so costly. Thus, business needs to take a wise decision of investing funds in fixed facilities, which at one side consumes a lot of costly fund and on the other, set the value of the business. Net present value (NPV), pay back period (PBP), internal rate of return (IRR) are some widely used and customary tools in such situation most of which are based on projected revenues. In this paper, we have tried to use life cycle costing as a strong alternative, which considers every cost category throughout the life of the assets, from cradle to grave, to represent the effective use of funds in its totality. The theoretical foundation of LCC as a tool comes from literature review but the application of LCC in alternative choosing areas are the development of the authors. The use of mathematical tools and equations is an exemplary one that may be changed or modified to fit it with the typical context, if necessary. The paper can be a guideline which finally concludes that the use of life cycle costing as an alternative selection tool results a better cost structure analysis than others.
Interim reporting is the reporting of accounting information to the stakeholders for a period lower than a year. Such reporting is voluntary to a greater extent. In Bangladesh, SEC mandates such reporting. Still, the compilers of... more
Interim reporting is the reporting of accounting information to the stakeholders for a period lower than a year. Such reporting is voluntary to a greater extent. In Bangladesh, SEC mandates such reporting. Still, the compilers of accounting information are free to draft it as per their own way as there is no exact guideline so far regarding the contents of interim financial statements. BAS 34: Interim Financial Reporting prescribes the minimum content of an interim financial report and also prescribes the principles for recognition and measurement in complete or condensed financial statements for an interim period. In such circumstance, the paper thrusts for a literature of interim financial reporting in general and its practices in Bangladesh. Different interim reporting theories are discussed with a detailed historical background of such reporting. And finally, content analysis on some selected interim financial reports is done for giving the paper a practical insight.